Biomass production of fungus \(\textit{Termitomyces clypeatus}\) in a stirred-tank bioreactor

Nguyen Thi Ngoc Nhi; Tran Nhan Dung

doi:10.15625/2615-9023/15950

Keywords:

Termitomyces clypeatus, submersed culture, stirred-tank bioreactor, chemical compositions, amino acids

Abstract

Termitomyces clypeatus is a fungus species, which has been used as food and medicinal mushroom. In the current study, submersed fermentation of the fungus in a stirred-tank bioreactor was determined for its culture biomass and nutrient contents. T. clypeatus obtained its highest biomass after from 13 to 15 days of cultivation, when the dry biomass of its mycelium system was more than 6%. Agitation speeds of 150 or 180 rpm were the most suitable for the fungus. The determination of chemical compositions showed that the dry biomass of its mycelium system had high protein content, with 57.8% on its dry-weight basis. Besides, 11 types of amino acids higher than 0.1% of wet weight culture were found in fermentation products. Moreover, dried mycelia of the fungus contained 27.4% carbohydrates. The protein and carbohydrate containing in the mycelium and fruit body of T. clypeatus were not statistically different. These results showed that a stirred-tank bioreactor could be applied to culture the fungus.

References

Acharya K., Dutta A. K., 2014. Traditional and ethno-medicinal knowledge of mushrooms in west Bengal, India. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 7(3): 35–41.

Alofe F. V., Odeyemi O., Oke O. L., 1996. Three edible wild mushrooms from Nigeria: their proximate and mineral composition. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 49(1): 63–73.

Cho E. J., Oh J. Y., Chang H. Y., Yun J. W., 2006. Production of exopolysaccharides by submerged mycelial culture of a mushroom Tremella fuciformis. J. Biotechnol., 127(1): 129–140.

Dutta A. K., Acharya K., 2014. Traditional and Ethno-medicinal knowledge of mushrooms in West Bengal, India. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 7(4): 36–41.

Elisashvili V., 2012. Submerged cultivation of medicinal mushrooms: bioprocesses and products. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms, 14(3): 211–39.

FAO, 1986. Food and nutrition paper. Manuals of food quality control.

Ghorai S., Banik S. P., Verma D., Chowdhury S., Mukherjee S., Khowala S., 2009. Fungal biotechnology in food and feed processing. Food Res. Int., 42(5): 577–587.

Giri S., Biswas G., Pradhan P., Mandal S. C., Acharya K., 2012. Antimicrobial activities of basidiocarps of wild edible mushrooms of West Bengal, India. Int. J. Pharmtech Res., 4(4): 1554–1560.

Hassan F.R.H., Ghada M.M., El-Kady A.T.M., 2012. Mycelial biomass production of Enoke mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) by submerged culture. Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci., 6(7): 603–610.

Karun N. C., Sridhar K. R., 2013. Occurrence and distribution of Termitomyces (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in the Western Ghats and on the west coast of India. Czech Mycology, 65(2): 233–254.

Kim S. W., Hwang H. J., Park J. P., Cho Y. J., Song C. H., Yun J. W., 2002. Mycelial growth and exo‐biopolymer production by submerged culture of various edible mushrooms under different media. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 34(1): 56–61.

Kwon J. S., Lee J. S., Shin W. C., Lee K. E., Hong E. K., 2009. Optimization of culture conditions and medium components for the production of mycelial biomass and exo-polysaccharides with Cordyceps militaris in liquid culture. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng., 14(6): 756–762.

Lee B. C., Bae J. T., Pyo H. B., Choe T. B., Kim S. W., Hwang H. J., Yun, J. W., 2004. Submerged culture conditions for the production of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharides by the edible Basidiomycete Grifola frondosa. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 35(5): 369–376.

Majumder R., Banik S. P., Khowala S., 2016. AkP from mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus is a proteoglycan specific protease with apoptotic effect on HepG2. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 91: 198–207.

Majumder R., Banik S.P., Ramrakhiani L., Khowala S., 2015. Bioremediation by alkaline protease (AkP) from edible mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus: optimization approach based on statistical design and characterization for diverse applications. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 90(10): 1886–1896.

Mau J. L., Chang C. N., Huang S. J., Chen, C. C., 2004. Antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts from Grifola frondosa, Morchella esculenta and Termitomyces albuminosus mycelia. Food chemistry, 87(1): 111–118.

Nakalembe I., Kabasa J. D., 2013. Fatty and amino acids composition of selected wild edible mushrooms of Bunyoro sub-region, Uganda. Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev., 13(1): 7225–7241.

Nguyen Thi Ngoc Nhi, Tran Nhan Dung 2016. Isolation of Termitomyces clypeatus species. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 46: 17–22

Nguyen Thi Ngoc Nhi và Tran Nhan Dung 2018. Determining the suitability of medium culture and optimized the medium composition to increase biomass of termite mushroom (Termitomyces clypeatus). Science and Technology journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 350: 62–67.

Ogundana S. K. and Fagade O. E., 1982. Nutritive value of some Nigerian edible mushrooms. Food chemistry, 8(4): 263–268.

Pattanayak M., Samanta S., Maity P., Sen I. K., Nandi A. K., Manna D. K., Islam S. S., 2015. Heteroglycan of an edible mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus: structure elucidation and antioxidant properties. Carbohydrate research, 413: 30–36.

Ramrakhiani L., Majumder R., Khowala S., 2011. Removal of hexavalent chromium by heat inactivated fungal biomass of Termitomyces clypeatus: Surface characterization and mechanism of biosorption. Chem. Eng. Technol., 171(3): 1060–1068.

Tsai S. Y., Weng C. C., Huang S. J., Chen C. C., Mau J. L., 2006. Nonvolatile taste components of Grifola frondosa, Morchella esculenta and Termitomyces albuminosus mycelia. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 39(10): 1066–1071.

Wani B. A., Bodha R. H., Wani A. H., 2010. Nutritional and medicinal importance of mushrooms. J. Med. Plants Res., 4(24): 2598–2604.

Zhao C., Yang F., Wang H., Hu H., Li X., 1997. Studies on the liquid fermentation of Termitomyces albuminosus and its chemical composition analysis. Journal of West China University of Medical Sciences, 28(4): 407–411.